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Lathe chucks - Technical Articles
Self-centering lathe chucks are tools used to clamp shafts or other workpieces.
How lathe chucks work
Lathechucks are among the basic tooling of a lathe, but they are also useful for milling machines and drilling machines. Three-jaw lathe chucks can hold round-shaped workpieces, while two-jaw lathe chucks can grip rectangular or square-shaped workpieces.
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The lathe chucks themselves can come in different material designs, we can meet chucks in cast iron (the most popular due to its affordable price) and steel.
Castiron lathe chucks, in addition to their lower price, have the advantage that they dampen vibrations very well when turning workpieces. The most popular lathe chucks are self-centering 3-jaw chucks, mode according to Bison-Bial 3204. These are cast iron chucks, with manual mechanical clamping, having three jaws that descend concentrically to the center of the chuck axis when tightened with a wrench. The entire set of self-centering lathe chucks has two sets of jaws: outer jaws (outer uniform jaws, abbreviated SJZ) and inner jaws (inner uniform jaws, abbreviated SJW), a chuck wrench and fastening screws. The design of the 3-jaw self-centering lathe chuck itself is quite simple by which it is also reliable. A standard self-centering lat he chuck consists of: a cap, a spiral disc, a gear wheel, a body, turning jaws and a wrench. The wrench is designed to tighten the jaws inward or outward. They accomplish this task by turning the gears, which in turn turn turn the spiral disc on which the jaws are mounted.
Advanced self-centering lathe chucks for lathes
As a standard, self-centering lathe chucks for lathes are manufactured from high quality materials because they work under high loads, rotations and are intended to work for a very long time. The ground working surfaces ensure a longer service life with accuracy and repeatability, and the balanced spiral disc and the entire chuck allow the use of higher speeds during machining without the occurrence of large vibrations. To ensure high accuracy of such chucks, all working surfaces are hardened and ground beforehand. However, despite this fact, each manufacturer recommends that with each new chuck, the jaws of the lathe should be aligned on the lathe using a lathe knife.
Three-jawself-centering lathe chucks have 3 jaws, which are numbered 1, 2, 3 on each jaw, respectively. The jaws should be assembled one by one according to the numbers on the jaws, i.e. from 1, through jaw 2 and 3 at the end. In Poland, the largest and oldest manufacturer of chucks for lathes, drills or milling machines is Bison-Bial from Bialystok. This manufacturer has been offering very good quality tooling for lathes and milling machines for many years.
We also offer high-quality measuring tools, extremely useful when working on a lathe.
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