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Milling tools - Technical articles
Milling cutters are tools that we divide into two types based on their type of attachment: slip-on and shank.
Milling tools like milling cutters
Milling cutters are made of high quality HSS, HSS cobalt high speed steel with 5% cobalt and VHM carbide.HSS is ideal for machining in materials such as steel and structural steel up to 35 HRC. HSSE cobalt high speed steel can mill in materials up to a maximum hardness of 57 HRC. The amount of cobalt in the tool is not accidental because too much cobalt could weaken the tool, lead to breakage and chipping, which is why there is only 5% of it. In contrast, burrs are almost self-contained cutters because they already have a shank in their construction.
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To do their work, they only require a toolholder, in which it is possible to place a smooth cylindrical shank. The shanks themselves are also divided into smooth shank and Weldon flattened shank. The purpose of the flattening is to prevent the tool from rotating in the holder during the work and is used for larger diameters. In turn, the milling cutters are non-self-contained tools, needing a properly selected shank, which is an intermediary between the spindle and the cutter, and a holder to be fully prepared to perform the work.
Types of cutters
Metal milling cutters are self-contained cutting tools, which in their construction have a shank and a helical cutting blade. Very important is the material from which the cutters are made because it determines the hardness of the tool. They are usually made of HSS, HSSE and VHM carbide. There are three groups of these tools:
- NFPa - four-feather cutters having a cylindrical shank
- NFPg - two-flute milling cutters for grooves
- NFPc - having a Morse taper shank with a thread
- VHM carbide milling cutters - 2,3,4 flute milling cutters
Manufacturers of cutters of this type are companies such as: Fenes from Siedlce, Dolfamex from Jelenia Gora, Fanar from Ciechanow and Globus Wapiennica. NFPa metal milling cutters, marked with German DIN 844, come in two shank versions: cylindrical shank and Weldon flattened shank. They are designed for finishing, medium-fine and roughing.
These cutters have from four to six blades, which depends on the diameter of the tool, the larger the diameter, the more blades the cutter has. NFPc burrs of the German DIN 845 standard, which have cylindrical-face blades, are designed for roughing, finishing and medium-finishing.
They can perform work in steels such as: stainless and alloy steels, cast and ductile iron, gray iron and malleable iron. The construction of the NFPc milling cutter includes: blades, a shank part which is a Morse taper and a clamping thread. The blades of this milling cutter have an angle of 30 degrees, between them there are chip grooves, the task of which is to efficiently remove the cutting material. NFPg DIN 327 finger milling cutters are right-hand cutters used for making keyways and more. They are ideal for rough chamfering and medium finishing.
NFPg finger milling cutters have cylindrical-face blades with a 25-degree angle, two central blades that give the ability to plunge vertically into the material, and a short shank for rigidity when doing the job. The push-on cutters need a suitable shank and holder to do the job. Thanks to this, when the cutting part is worn out we can replace it ourselves and the cutter remains the same. Slip-on milling cutters are used for rotary work, which are resistant to any mechanical damage and give the possibility of long-term use.
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