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Drills - Technical Articles
Drills are tools designed to make holes in full or partial material, using a drill, milling machine, lathe or other rotary-powered machine tool. In the process of manufacturing drills, three basic methods are usually used: milling, grinding or rolling. With the last of these, higher quality tools can be obtained, but with a correspondingly higher price.
Rolling method production is used for drill bits with cylindrical shank.
What kind of drill bits are available?
We can make several divisions of drill bits, taking into account their various features and characteristics. A distinction is made according to the purpose: general-purpose drill bits (twist drill bits) and special-purpose drill bits (flat drill bits, drill bits for deep holes, nut bits).
The division of drills by material can be distinguished into homogeneous drills , combination drills with a working part made of high-speed steel or with carbide blades, folding drills with multi-cutting inserts. Unidirectional drills are made of HSS, which allows machining materials made of structural steel and steels up to a hardness of 35 HRC. However, HSS drills themselves have a hardness according to the Vickers scale of 62 HRC. Cobalt drills with HSSE cylindrical shank have a hardness of 64 HRC and can work in materials having a hardness of up to 37 HRC, and additionally have a higher tolerance to high temperatures. This allows them to work in harsh conditions and in stainless steels and ductile iron. Among monolithic drills, we can also include VHM carbide drills, which are among the most efficient cutting tools. Cutting speeds reach up to Vc-300 m/min, and we skip the hole drilling operation. An additional advantage of these drills is the accuracy of the hole because we can count, under favorable conditions, on holes in the H7 to H8 class.
In addition, drill bits with cylindrical shank have different lengths, they can range from ordinary drill bits according to DIN 338 to long drill bits DIN 340 and extra-long drill bits DIN 1896.
The last division of metal drill bits is the one by the design of the shank part. Thus, drills can be divided into: drills with smooth cylindrical shank and drills with Morse taper shank. Morse taper drills with a fin are drills for drilling with machines with this type of taper. They come in a standard length version according to DIN 345 and a long version according to DIN 341.
For finishing work, reamers can be helpful, which will affect the geometry of the hole after using the drill.
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